Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It defines the structure and layout of content on a web page by using various tags and elements, allowing browsers to interpret and display information to users.
History of HTML
Emergence in the Early 1990s
HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as part of his proposal for the World Wide Web while working at CERN. The first version, HTML 1.0, was released in 1991, allowing basic structuring of documents with headers, paragraphs, and lists.
Evolution and Standardization
HTML underwent several revisions and developments over the years. HTML 2.0 was released in 1995, followed by HTML 3.2 in 1997, which introduced features like tables, forms, and more styling options.
XHTML and HTML5
XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) aimed to reformulate HTML as an XML-based language, ensuring stricter adherence to XML rules. However, it didn't gain widespread adoption due to its strict syntax requirements.
HTML5, introduced in 2014, is the latest major version and brought significant improvements, including better support for multimedia elements (audio, video), canvas for graphics, local storage, and improved semantics.
Overview of HTML
Markup Language
HTML is a markup language, not a programming language. It uses a system of tags enclosed in angle brackets ("<>" symbols) to define the structure and elements of a web page.
Structure and Content
HTML provides a way to structure content hierarchically. Elements like headings (<h1> to <h6>), paragraphs (<p>), lists (<ul>, <ol>, <li>), and more allow for organizing and presenting information logically.
Elements and Attributes
HTML elements are building blocks of a web page, each having specific functions. Elements may have attributes that provide additional information or modify their behavior.
Semantic Markup
HTML5 introduced a focus on semantic markup, meaning using elements that convey the meaning and purpose of the content. For example, <header>, <footer>, <nav>, <article>, etc., clarify the structure and purpose of different sections on a page.
Compatibility and Standards
Browsers interpret HTML code to display web pages. HTML standards are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure cross-browser compatibility and adherence to best practices.
HTML remains the backbone of web development, allowing developers to create structured and accessible content on the internet. Its evolution continues to accommodate new technologies and enhance the user experience on the web.
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